How is FGM perceived in the Arab culture and the social pressures associated with it?

Female circumcision or female genital mutilation is considered to be a practice in which the female external genitals are partially or fully removed in order to prevent females from being sexually aroused. This practice had been ongoing for centuries and is still being practiced in many cultures and among many social statuses in Africa and several Arab countries. Amnesty International estimates that over 130 million women worldwide have been affected by some form of FGM, with over 2 million procedures being performed every year. It is common in a band that stretches from Senegal in West Africa to Ethiopia on the East coast, as well as from Egypt in the north to Tanzania in the south. The country where FGM is most prevalent is Egypt, followed by Sudan, Ethiopia, and Mali.
There are many beliefs concerning female circumcision, whether it is religious or cultural beliefs. In specific Arabs practice it without being aware of the dangerous consequences it inflects on the female’s body and psychological state since is it abusive to her rights. Regarding the religious view people practice it because of the belief that the parents should have the authority to dominate and control their daughters or the females in the family from practicing sexual activities outside of marriage. Moreover, the most important reason behind this act is protecting female’s chastity until marriage. But their ignorance would also affect her marriage life since she can’t fulfill her role as a wife while having sexual intercourse with her husband. And since most of the countries practice it follow the same religion which is Islam, you wouldn’t find as many western cultures carrying it out. This implies the lack of knowledge because such actions are not mentioned in the Quran and there is nothing that emphasizes it.
The medical consequences of such act are numerous when it is preformed without anesthetic, or the use of proper medical instruments. Because the procedure is so painful the female can actually face death from the bleeding or have an infection. Such infections include urinary and reproductive tract infections, caused by obstructed flow of urine and menstrual blood, various forms of scarring and infertility.
In addition to the medical implications, there are also psychological affects since the female no longer have self confidence as she feels that she has been violated both physically and emotionally which leaves her feeling captivated throughout her life.

in my opinion, FGM is an uncivilized act that should be terminated because it is a severe violation to women's rights.